Kieran Smith is a PhD student at Newcastle University, where his doctoral research focuses on clinical nutrition in Type 2 diabetes. Prior to undertaking his PhD, he studied Sport and Exercise Science (B.Sc. Hons, First Class) and Human Nutrition (M.Sc. with distinction) at Edinburgh Napier University and the University of Glasgow, respectively. His research interests lie within exercise, nutrition and metabolism in diabetes; insulin and dietary management around exercise in Type 1 diabetes; healthy ageing; and dietary nitrate, nitric oxide metabolism and health. His PhD is currently sponsored by Arla Foods Ingredients.